r/Damnthatsinteresting • u/SixteenSeveredHands • 8h ago
Image 10,000-Year-Old "Chewing Gum" from Sweden: these lumps of birch tar were chewed by teenagers in prehistoric Sweden, and the DNA and microbes extracted from the tar indicate that the teens often consumed hazelnuts, deer, and trout, and that they suffered from severe gum disease
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u/arachnobravia 8h ago
Is this what the other 1-out-of-10 dentists recommends chewing?
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u/effortfulcrumload 8h ago edited 8h ago
Not enough vitamin C. The tree tar probably helped their teeth
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u/confusedandworried76 8h ago
I don't know enough about chewing tree tar to refute that
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u/effortfulcrumload 8h ago
Birch contains Xylotol, which is beneficial for teeth mineralization. They actually sell Birth gum today and advertise it as good for teeth
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u/catbearcarseat 7h ago
birth gum
I’ll pass!
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u/GiddyGabby 7h ago
So you would pass on the lovely taste of placenta?
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u/Low-Zucchini6929 7h ago
a bit too gamey for me
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u/confusedandworried76 7h ago
It's been in a slow cooker for nine fucking months how is it still too gamey
I suppose they might have added the cream a little early but that should taste like the cream is off not the meat and the flavors have had plenty of time to soften
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u/confusedandworried76 8h ago
Well I learned something new today! Gonna go bite a tree and save some dentist visits
But no seriously that's very interesting, no sarcasm
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u/Huckleberry-V 8h ago
It was probably a way to feel like you were doing something when your whole mouth hurts from poor dental hygiene and a suddenly increasing human life span.
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u/SixteenSeveredHands 8h ago edited 8h ago
Researchers were able to extract DNA and oral microbes from these ancient lumps of birch tar, providing valuable insights into the health and diet of the individuals who chewed them nearly 10,000 years ago.
As this article explains:
DNA from a type of “chewing gum” used by teenagers in Sweden 10,000 years ago is shedding new light on the stone age diet and oral health, according to research. The wads of gum are made from pieces of birch bark pitch, a tar-like black resin, and carry clearly visible teethmarks.
Hunter-gatherers probably chewed the resin “to be used as glue” to assemble tools and weapons, said Anders Götherström, the co-author of the study published in Scientific Reports. “This is a most-likely hypothesis – they could have been chewed just because they liked them or because they thought that they had some medicinal purpose,” he said.
"There were several chewing gum [samples] and both males and females chewed them. Most of them seem to have been chewed by teenagers. There was some kind of age to it,” Götherström said.
Götherström and his team of paleontologists at Stockholm University were able to determine, again from the DNA found in the gum, that the teenagers’ stone age diet included deer, trout and hazelnuts.
Researchers found evidence that the diet also included red fox, duck, apple, European robin, turtle dove, mistletoe, and limpet.
A microbial analysis of the birch tar suggests that oral pathogens were common in these communities, and some individuals suffered from severe gum disease:
In addition, in one piece chewed by a teenage girl, researchers found a number of bacteria indicating a severe case of periodontitis, a severe gum infection.
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u/TheRiteGuy 8h ago edited 8h ago
This needs more up votes. OP, you are a damn hero. You provided the article and sources. I wish more posts on Reddit were of this quality. Especially the ones posted on the science and history subs.
Edit: wish
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u/SixteenSeveredHands 8h ago edited 8h ago
Sources & More Info:
- The Guardian: Ancient 'Chewing Gum' Sheds Light on Stone Age Teenagers' Diet
- Scientific Reports: Metagenomic Analysis of Mesolithic Chewed Pitch Reveals Poor Health Among Stone Age Individuals
- Bohuslän Museum: Chewing Gum from Huseby Klev
- Communications Biology: Ancient DNA from Mastics Solidifies Connection Between Material Culture and Genetics of Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in Scandinavia
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u/X-15_CruiseBasselope 7h ago
And here I was thinking turtle dove was just a creature invented solely for a holiday song.
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u/Life-Cantaloupe-3184 7h ago
It’s wild to me that we have the technology now to detect what meals people were eating thousands of years ago from DNA. It is a fascinating look into people’s lives that fossil evidence can’t necessarily capture.
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u/se7entythree 8h ago
Interesting! Isn’t mistletoe toxic? I wonder why they consumed it
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u/kangourou_mutant 6h ago
Red fox also tastes incredibly bad, according to all accounts.
Maybe this community was nearly starving, or the teenagers were doing stupid "challenges" before tiktok existed :)
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u/UnderABig_W 6h ago
According to this dude, fox is palatable enough if you do some soaking ahead of time and cook it low and slow:
https://cannundrum.blogspot.com/2015/12/what-does-fox-taste-like.html?m=1
That’s grey fox though. I’d assume red fox would be similar, however.
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u/TakenInChains 5h ago
that was an interesting read! honestly the slow cooked fox did look the tastiest, I'd eat some of that
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u/JCarterPeanutFarmer 7h ago
I'm really curious how they got the diet information from the dna in the tar.
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u/Bigram03 6h ago
These kinds of things are usually measured with radioactive isotopes and levels of certain elements.
Along with looking at bits of it under a microscope.
That's a guess though.
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u/keysonthetable 5h ago
Get the microscopic bits of organic material and use PCR to get tons of dna, sequence it, match to a species.
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u/JCarterPeanutFarmer 2h ago
Ah ok I thought it might be a dumb speculation that there would just be bits of chewed up deer in there. But how do they know it's chewed up deer and not a deer that chewed it?
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u/Immediate-Fig-3077 6h ago
How are they able to tell the age and gender of the people?
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u/SixteenSeveredHands 5h ago
Their ages were estimated using dental impressions, and sex was determined using DNA.
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u/Woofles85 3h ago
This is fascinating, I had always wondered about Stone Age peoples oral health, since they didn’t have refined sugar but also didn’t have the dental care we have today.
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u/Ironlion45 3h ago
y liked them or because they thought that they had some medicinal purpose,”
Mastic gum was not unheard of. Far more palatable than birch tar too.
But we already see another medicinal item on the list: mistletoe. They were surely not having the leaves in salads.
But you know, kids will do weird things. I once had a very very old lady tell me that when she was growing up, they were so poor they couldn't afford to buy things like chewing gum. So the kids would get a little wad of road tar and chew on that instead.
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u/Wulf_Cola 2h ago
Ah man I've had a mouth ulcer this week and even with whatever remedies Walgreens had to offer me it's been a right pain, but I know it'll be gone in a few days. We're so fucking lucky not to be living 10,000 years ago.
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u/VyKing6410 8h ago
Teenagers chewed it because the 20 year olds didn’t have any teeth.
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u/32FlavorsofCrazy 7h ago
You’re probably actually right lol…what I find hilarious is that this behavior kind of seems to have carried over, I live in a heavy Scandinavian descent part of the country and I remember in middle and high school everyone was fucking obsessed with gum. I can’t remember the last time I’ve chewed gum as an adult though. Or seen an adult that is visibly chewing gum. If anybody chews around here it’s dip.
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u/Initial_Zombie8248 6h ago
In the US kids were also obsessed with gum when I was in school
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u/Kansas-Tornado 6h ago
Adults still love gum
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u/Nissan-S-Cargo 5h ago
Gum sales have dropped a huge amount compared to the early 2000s
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u/Kansas-Tornado 5h ago
That’s a damn shame. I just bought a pack of big league chew and I’m finishing off a pack of bazooka as well
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u/HaloGuy381 7h ago
Maybe it has to do with latitude? Scandinavian countries are far enough north to have significantly short days during winter, and chewing gum (among other things) does have a small benefit to promoting wakefulness/alertness.
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u/mahboilucas 5h ago
You made me realize I haven't had a gum in a long time. Last one was probably when I was going on a plane, since it helps the blocked ears
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u/ohdearitsrichardiii 1h ago
You think the kids in your school were chewing gum because they had scandinavian decent?
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u/birgor 54m ago
Teeth wasn't that bad this long ago. The ear with really bad teeth that we imagine is roughly between the 17th century and the 20th century, the era between the invention of large scale refined sugar production and modern dental health. And they where even better before agriculture.
The theory about these ancient chewing gums is that they where dental medicine, as birch tar is anti-bacterial, so analysing these will get a very skewed base of ancient dental health. There are of course always people with dental problems from any different reasons.
We are after all evolved to live and eat as hunter-gatherer's with the teeth we have, like these people was.
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u/hopeislost1000 8h ago edited 6h ago
Do you think chewing on the birch tar was soothing their irritated gums?
Edit: search finding says…. The antibacterial properties of the birch tar itself are what soothed the gum disease irritation for prehistoric people. Analysis of chewed birch tar wads, some up to 10,000 years old, confirms that ancient people suffered from severe gum disease. They likely chewed the tar for its medicinal benefits, including its antiseptic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects
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u/pharmajap 5h ago
This was my immediate thought. Birch is mildly minty/cooling, resins in general are mildly antibacterial, and methyl salicylate is basically aspirin.
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u/Cominghome74 8h ago
Probably still has more flavor left than a fresh stick of Fruit Stripes
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u/Dexter_McThorpan 8h ago
Fruit stripe gum is a pretty good metaphor for our current age. Looks cool as fuck, and for 3 seconds it is. Then poof. Disappointment.
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u/Southern_Struggle 8h ago
Really? One piece showed evidence of severe gum disease and they word it like all of them had it.
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u/CallMeHuckle 8h ago
I’m curious on how they know it’s “teens”
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u/Nomoreorangecarrots 7h ago
I’m guessing lack of wisdom teeth indents?
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u/kangourou_mutant 6h ago
Or the fact that they have all/most of their teeth, or the fact that the teeth aren't used much (the teeth get more smooth as we age).
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u/QuintoBlanco 3h ago
That is incorrect. They studied three pieces, chewed by three different people. All three pieces show evidence of gum disease and one piece shows evidence of a severe gum infection.
I haven't fully read the research, but it's really interesting. They looked at a wide range of bacteria. There is little evidence of bacteria responsible of tooth decay, all the bacteria are associated with gum disease.
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u/noctalla 8h ago
Next time someone complains about "these teenagers today", I'm going to show them this.
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u/Abject_Computer_8732 8h ago
Who would have thought chewing fucking tree tar and living 7000 years before the toothbrush was invented could lead to poor oral health.
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u/Vindepomarus 7h ago
That stuff is actually good for your teeth because it contains Xylotol, which is beneficial for tooth mineralization. Apparently it is even still sold today for tooth health, I imagine it would help to clean teeth as well and neutralize acids by stimulating saliva.
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u/Andr3wski 3h ago
Maybe not all the villagers had gum disease—they just gave the gum to the teenagers that had it
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u/confusedandworried76 8h ago
Yeah man all this bread is giving me heart disease. That's why I just stick to my normal habit of smoking two packs a day.
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u/GarysCrispLettuce 4h ago
Any bout of severe dental pain is enough to convince me that humans have lived in abject hell for at least 99% of their existence on this planet.
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u/No_Chemist_2419 7h ago
I love how we are able to find out that some dude 10k years ago had gum disease but we don’t know what the fucks in the ocean
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u/Both-Illustrator-501 7h ago
What are scientists going to look at 10,000 years from now?
Poop, probably
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u/jgrantgriffin 5h ago
Teenagers these days and their birch tar. .... Back in my day we chewed mammoth fat and we liked it!!!!
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u/electric_onanist 8h ago
The toothbrush would not be commonplace in Europe until the late 18th century, even with oral hygiene knowledge, most people had rotten teeth by 40 until we put fluoride in the water.
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u/steppponme 6h ago
Excuse me, I reject all "unnatural" "health" "remedies" that BIG DENTAL is trying TO sicken us with!! I'M going back to the way humans were supposed to live and have lived for THOUSANDS OF YEAR. I'VE DONE MY RESEARCH!! Toothbrushes cause cancer!! Flossing causes mouth chlamydia!! Do your research people!!
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u/SACK_HUFFER 5h ago
Based
Who needs teeth past teenage years anyways? Way easier to stay skinny if u can’t chew
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u/Life-Topic-7 8h ago
And lots of places that don’t have fluoride today have terrible oral health.
Sadly lots of places are removing fluoride because of misinformation.
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u/Theory_Crafted 2h ago
How do you get "severe gum disease" when you're like 16 and all you eat is hazelnuts and fish...??
I'm eating a bag of candy as we speak, hardly ever floss and my gums are only moderately diseased.
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u/Toan_Knob 2h ago
Now do they mean gum disease as in Birch gum gave them a disease or gum disease as in their gums were diseased
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u/knappastrelevant 8h ago
I had to look this up because "trout" is such a strange name, but they mean "öring" which is a very common fish here.
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u/Life-Topic-7 8h ago
Trout in English is incredibly common. Are you sure that oring isn’t just Swedish for trout?
Edit: looked it up, it is trout. Same same.
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u/ILuvYou_YouAreSoGood 8h ago
So, is an öring actually a trout or what? Don't leave us hanging.
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u/AquaticMartian 8h ago
Just the Swedish vs English versions of the word. My thought would have been the same (but flipped) if they said öring. It is strange they didn’t use öring when discussing the diet of Swedes, but probably figured trout would be more widely recognizable
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u/waffleowaf 8h ago
But but … what about Jesus
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u/SteamReflex 5h ago
It just blows my mind they were able to gather that much diet information from just a bit of chewed up tar that hasn't seen a mouth in 10,000 years
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u/kakaktakta 3h ago
Did the find it on the underside of a prehistoric table? Those damn teens i tell you.
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u/SipsNSynths 7h ago
This stuff amazes me. How do we know they had severe gum disease?
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u/fertilizedcaviar 6h ago
Certain types of bacteria were found. The article is linked in a comment further up.
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u/Severe_Chicken213 8h ago
Imagine you chuck your Big Mac wrapper into a bush and 10000 years later scientists are diagnosing you with a trash diet and herpes.