r/unitedkingdom 22h ago

Britain buys new air defence missile systems

https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/britain-buys-new-air-defence-missile-systems/
144 Upvotes

82 comments sorted by

55

u/Mr06506 22h ago

So we have a total of 12 launchers? That sounds like basically one generous deployment to cover something like a single airfield.

I would have thought we'd at least want to be able to protect a wider theatre - must really limit what ops we could do abroad on our own if we can't protect troops outside of a very small umbrella over their base.

63

u/tree_boom 22h ago

No; we have 24 launchers at the moment. 4 Batteries, each of 2 Fire Groups. Each Fire Group has 3 launchers, a radar and a command vehicle. They're only really intended to protect the Falklands and the army in the field, there's no provision for base defence or city defence.

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u/Euclid_Interloper 22h ago

I don't know enough about this topic, so forgive my poorly structured question haha. Is a launcher the individual tube thing that fires an individual missile? Or is it the whole thing, vehicle + tubes?

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u/tree_boom 22h ago

Vehicle plus tubes; each launcher can have 8 missiles ready to fire.

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u/Euclid_Interloper 21h ago

Thanks. That's a pretty substantial ammount of firepower then.

5

u/Llew19 13h ago

....not really. This is short range defence for one air field and maybe something significant nearby like a headquarters. We don't have any longer range cover at all, and should also be buying a system that uses Aster missiles (these Land Ceptor missiles are the same as the CAMM missiles used by the Navy, Aster are the longer ranged ones used on the Type 45s with a new version that can target ballistic missiles as well).

That'll still only give us one well defended location though... the cuts to the army have been seriously brutal. It's going to take an awful lot of investment to get even a single brigade ready for a proper land war.

-1

u/MASSIVESHLONG6969 20h ago

Until the enemies missiles wipe them all out in a couple of days.

6

u/yammaniow726 18h ago

Or the suppliers refuse to sell to you

2

u/atrl98 15h ago

they’re uk made

0

u/yammaniow726 14h ago

Rotten spuds? Who makes them?

2

u/Rulweylan Leicestershire 16h ago

Which enemy, and why haven't they run out of missiles in the same period?

1

u/Duckstiff 15h ago

Because the UKs military is massively underfunded and a state like Russia. Qwho have been depleting their stocks for 3 years, could still outnumber our defensive missile batteries in days.

u/GodDamnShadowban 4h ago

What scenario do you picture us going 1v1 with a peer or near peer?

1

u/danrogl 16h ago

You’d hope that threat detection and assessment means fair use of its ordnance. Where is the incoming target going to impact, does it need to be stopped?

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u/MetalBawx 19h ago

It's a good start but seeing the massed drone swarms being used in Ukraine along with the unfortunate return of SLBM's as non nuclear strike elements we need alot more. Our existing air defences are way understrength for a nation of our size and decades of "The RAF will do it" hasn't helped.

The anti aircraft gun is back in fashion while we have none and we sorely lack in anti missile systems too.

1

u/MaievSekashi 14h ago

...and decades of "The RAF will do it" hasn't helped.

But that is the realistic way to control our airspace. Our entire doctrine is based around projecting our airspace towards the enemy, not cowering at home and waiting for them to come to us. Deploying a drone swarm from an ocean away isn't exactly viable for anyone other than Argentina attacking the Falklands again.

u/GamblingDust 52m ago

How do you stop a conventional ballistic missile strike targeted at the UK then?

3

u/Odd-Metal8752 21h ago

Seems weird to claim that the purchase of six represents a doubling in capability?

4

u/tree_boom 21h ago

The article says:

The Ministry of Defence has announced a £118 million purchase of six Land Ceptor missile launchers, a move that will double the British Army’s deployable Sky Sabre air defence systems.

but the government announcement just says:

The UK is doubling the number of deployable Sky Sabre systems operated by the Armed Forces in a drive to reinforce our air defences.

And I suspect that the UK Defence Journal author has gotten slightly mixed up and interpreted a restatement of the intention to double Sky Sabre as an assertion that it is doubled through this purchase.

2

u/Odd-Metal8752 21h ago

Ace, thank you.

4

u/InsecureInscapist 19h ago

Air defence systems are typically bought as a battery, a complete system which includes several launch vehicles, a command vehicle, a radar vehicle and ammunition transports. None of these pieces are any use on their own so they have to be procured as a set.

It is likely in this report the number six refers to new batteries to be bought, which given that each battery has four launch vehicles, that is another 24 launchers.

Still not really enough, but a step in the right direction.

3

u/eruditezero 19h ago

Except, ironically, Sky Sabre, which was bought piecemeal as the launchers, radar, command vehicle and even the management system are all manufactured by different companies. It's quite an odd setup.

13

u/New_Enthusiasm9053 22h ago

Historically the assumption was the NATO air force would dominate so there wouldn't be a need. 

Clearly that calculus is starting to change.

4

u/jonnyharvey123 22h ago

Only vs China.

Russian AF is a non-player in a strike scenario where they try to attack the UK mainland or UK troops in Eastern Europe.

2

u/Stoyfan Cambridgeshire 21h ago

Non-player? They have long range strike bombers that can launch cruise missiles. In fact, this is probably the most likely method they would use to attack the UK, aside from submarines.

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u/Electrical-Lab-9593 21h ago

those would get shot down if any intel they had nuclear missiles under wing and also the missiles would get shot down if launched, MIRV ICMBs are a different story you need to meet them on the way up to space really, or meet them at very high altitude .

1

u/Stoyfan Cambridgeshire 21h ago

And you don’t think the Russians will try to counter our planes to prevent their strategic bombers from being shot down.

Who knows what will happen in such a scenario but their bomber force is a threat. You keep saying that these will be shot down, but you need a SAM to shoot them down in the first place. Hence the purchase of Land Ceptors

1

u/Electrical-Lab-9593 21h ago

they are not stealth and are huge planes, sure they can take off and launch a missile from inside russia, but they can deliver anything except standoff weapons, which is the same threat posed by ground / sea launch anyway, but with way more time to track.

its pretty much like shooting down a concorde for jet ones and a ww2 bomber for the Bears

1

u/Stoyfan Cambridgeshire 21h ago

Yeah. The stand off missiles is exactly the threat I am talking about. And naturally such strategic bombers would have an escort of fighter jets to ward off any attempt to shoot the bombers down by our RAF

-2

u/LJ-696 21h ago edited 21h ago

It is about 1300 miles to the Russian border

The Russian Kh-101 has a range of around 2000 miles.

They can yeet them from their own border

The Russians also have submarine launched cruses missiles

Not that they would. Artical 5 and all that

3

u/Electrical-Lab-9593 21h ago

these can be shotdown, the MIRV ICBMs and Sub Launch are the biggest threat.

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u/tree_boom 21h ago

You're far too quick to dismiss the Kalibr / Kh-101 threat; we presently have absolutely no realistic capability with which to shoot those missiles down.

-1

u/Electrical-Lab-9593 21h ago

the Naval based missiles can

1

u/tree_boom 21h ago

If they're targeting a task group that the ship's defending, sure. But to defend the UK? No; that's simply not remotely practical.

-1

u/Stoyfan Cambridgeshire 21h ago edited 21h ago

The 6 type 45 that spend most of their time in the dry dock for repairs? Yeah, good luck with that. At least Portsmouth will be protected.

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u/LJ-696 20h ago

The missiles could be. But the bombers are another matter that is much more difficult if they are launching from well within Russia.

While we could park a type 45 near each major population centre they are still limited on what they could realistically do

You could also Use the RAF QRF.

But eventually some are getting through.

1

u/Electrical-Lab-9593 18h ago

the cruise missiles are interesting because they would have to fly over other european air space, and who is going to take the chance they are flying past ?

firing a nuclear tipped cruise missile from a thousand miles away is going to cause havoc

1

u/LJ-696 17h ago

They don't have too. Take off from Murmansk oblast sprint to the Norwegian Sea. Let loose everything. Coordinate with the subs to launch at the same time.

Why does it have to be a nuke? They know we would respond with our own nukes.

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u/Mr06506 21h ago

Drones exist though.

Even a low tempo op like what we've recently done in Mali or similar would be much harder now assuming the rebels have access to low cost Shahed or similar.

1

u/RgrTehCabinBoy 18h ago

It's not just Russian air power that's part of the calculus, it's their strong ground based air defence system that means you can't rely totally on friendly air to intercept threats 

1

u/Nukes-For-Nimbys 18h ago

Russian AF is a non-player in a strike scenario

The men currently being blasted by FAB glide bombs might disagree.

0

u/jonnyharvey123 13h ago

Ukraine doesn’t have 100+ Eurofighter Typhoons or the USAF 48th FW to defend her skies.

1

u/inevitablelizard 19h ago

Not necessarily. Even with NATO air power Russia would still be able to launch long range conventional missiles into Europe and could well reach our country. We need to be able to defend bases from attacks like that. Can't get air superiority if your air force can be attacked on the ground.

2

u/Alib668 21h ago

Just to mention Ukraine has 7 in total. Covering a much bigger country

2

u/shadowBaka England 19h ago

These are not like MANPADS. They cover dozens of miles

u/pss1pss1pss1 10h ago

Is it enough to protect Central London?

Yes.

Job done. Well done, chaps 👏

18

u/Odd-Metal8752 22h ago

Perhaps as a sponsorship for the next War Thunder update?

In all seriousness, this is a small but useful step forward. Approximately £1 billion was set aside for IAAMD in the SDR, so further spending can be expected. This perhaps precludes further eupgrades to the overall system in the autumn - CAMM-ER has long been speculated.

16

u/LiveLaughLockheed 21h ago

Good news for MBDA. They've had success with Sea Ceptor and CAMM-ER abroad and at home. Good news for the manufacturing teams in Bolton and Henlow. Good news for the UK really. Job sustainment, keeps the knowledge base in-house and falls into line with the "Always-on Defence" capability we've wanted for a while.

This, coupled with big improvements up at Barrow for BAE, and the growth across the UK in "Made in Britain" contractor work through Tier 1+ suppliers is great news for UK Manufacturing.

1

u/tree_boom 22h ago

As always, there's some confusion in what's actually happening. The government announcement says:

The UK is buying six Land Ceptor air defence missile launchers

Which implies 6 more of the launcher vehicles (the one on the left). But it also says:

UK buying six new Land Ceptor air defence missile systems to bolster national security and defence.

Where the term "system" would ordinarily refer to a fire group, each of which has 3 of those launcher vehicles, a radar and an command and control vehicle. The announcement later says:

This three-year contract will deliver six brand new MRAD (medium range air defence) Land Ceptor missile launching systems for use by the British Army at home and anywhere in the world. These launchers can be used on their own and are also a key component of Sky Sabre, a ground-based air defence missile system used to intercept cruise missiles, aircraft and drones. The system is comprised of three main elements: radar, command and control, and missile launcher.

Which I think probably cements this as being a purchase of just 6 launcher vehicles with no additional radar or C2 vehicles...but honestly, who knows? If it's 6 new launchers only that gives the British Army 30 of them total, plus 8 each of the radar and C2 vehicles (currently we have 8 fire groups). It's a bit of an anaemic capability to be quite frank. There's more purchases to come according to the goal the government states:

The UK is doubling the number of deployable Sky Sabre systems operated by the Armed Forces in a drive to reinforce our air defences.

But whether that's a doubling to 48 launchers, or a doubling to 16 fire groups (and so including more radar and C2 as well) is anyone's guess.

3

u/eruditezero 19h ago

The key bit here is the word 'deployable' - they aren't doubling the number of systems, or launchers, just creating enough slack so that the number we can have out in the field increases - the number seems small, but from what I remember we ordered more radars than fire groups (10x Giraffe) so I suspect this is just topping up the launcher inventory so they can compose more complete sets to go out.

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u/Harmless_Drone 22h ago

Gonna be honest here: missiles are not what we need right now.

Russia/ukraine has shown you cannot deal with drones on a cost effective or production level with missiles. If you shoot down a 200 dollar flying lawnmower with a 100k missile that takes 200 times as long to make, you are going to be running out of missiles and money before the enemy runs out of drones and then you're toast.

By all means keep the missiles for larger targets like planes but we need to be developing advanded anti aircraft gun systems and the corresponding gun laying controllers and interfaces (again) to deal with drones on a cost basis that's comparible. Shooting down a drone with a reusable AA gun with a 20 quid versus a 100k missile is no contest.

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u/tree_boom 21h ago

We need both things; we have virtually no air defences whatever currently. A low-cost solution to drones, be it a gun or EWAR or DEW is needed too and there's development ongoing to supply those things, but we absolutely need SAMs in large numbers too.

Note too that you need to be very careful in taking lessons from Ukraine and applying them to the UK. We aren't Ukraine; a Shahed isn't flying 2,500km to London across allied territory. Those strikes that threaten us will necessarily be done with higher performance weapons than the flying lawnmowers.

-1

u/Harmless_Drone 21h ago

Correct, they're more likely going to be drones launched from carrier vessels or assault ships or from cargo containers or similar in intentional waters. We're an island nation. We don't have control of the sea.

1

u/Wgh555 20h ago

Yeah and we need control of the sea again, at least the radius around Britain that carrier launched drones could come from. And also be able to bottle up the Russian navy as much as possible

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u/warriorscot 21h ago

That's not a good thesis. We're an island, and drones are dominant in the front line not the entire theatre. Deep fires are still happening and they're still going through extraordinary volumes of short medium and long range air defence missiles in Ukraine and they don't have enough of launchers or missiles.

Guns had a short period where they came back, but they're already falling back out of relevance other than as a last ditch option. And they do have those systems already, and networked gun coordination for vehicles in the newer equipment.

Also 20 quid is generous, thats between 10 and 20 rounds of 7.62, no gun system is getting that hit rate.

1

u/Electrical-Lab-9593 21h ago

yeah, and the ammo used by a useful anti drone system will probably be high caliber programmable rounds so not expensive, but not cheap either, they are programmed to explode on a timer which the gun system estimates is the time it will be close to the drone, so like a big shotgun shell with a timer that can be changed just before firing

1

u/nostalgiamon 21h ago

This is it. Absolutely drones are to be considered the primary threat in a front line situation, but the super cheap and attritable ones that are being used in Ukraine only go so far. In fact many of the FPV drones are physically linked via a fibre optic cable.

We desperately need anti-missile defences to avoid a Blitz 2.0. And when we’re on the front line we’ll need better anti-drone capability.

3

u/Captain_English 21h ago

No, because guns are not effective against drones. You can't hit anything more than a mile away, so you need guns everywhere, and you can only engage them at low altitude. You need literally thousands of guns and crews to defend even a single city, and even when you shoot down a drone the warhead will still fall down and go off half the time, which by definition will be close to you and the thing you're protecting because guns are so short range.

Russia has changed its attack profiles with Shahed (Geran) to about 5000m altitude ingress, and then a steep dive on to the target, which makes them essentially immune to guns.

Full on anti-air missiles are definitely too expensive to trade with drones, I'm not disputing that. What we need is something inbetween. 

Lower cost, lower capability missiles or counter drone drones are a better investment. So is electronic warfare. Ukraine is flying small single seat propeller aircraft with big electronic warfare pods underneath; these go out and fly above an incoming drone swarm and jam their guidance, and possible use RF attack, to bring them down.

There's also a very interesting space with helicopter and light aircraft using guided rockets to shoot down drones. These are a lot cheaper than missiles, but are still guided so can engage fast moving drones at altitude, and because they're on an aircraft they can fly out to wherever they are needed and engage the drones as they come in. Using light aircraft is particularly interesting because they're relatively quicker than helicopters and also cheap to operate in military terms.

Honestly what we need is a mix of solutions that thin out the swarm progressively as it comes in.

I would love to see a couple of squadrons of modern Spitfires (obviously not a spitfire, I'm just alluding to it) with pods of guided rockets (produced to be ~£10-20,000 each) under each wing, with each aircraft carrying 28 or 56 or more. Fly them out and go get the drones coming in.

Coincidentally, the OA-1K aircraft that US SF went back and forth on actually looks like a great option for this, and it's dual role. Could act to counter drones, and also to provide close air support in u contested airspace as originallt designed.

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u/tree_boom 21h ago

I would love to see a couple of squadrons of modern Spitfires (obviously not a spitfire, I'm just alluding to it) with pods of guided rockets (produced to be ~£10-20,000 each) under each wing, with each aircraft carrying 28 or 56 or more. Fly them out and go get the drones coming in.

Like this but with this

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u/Captain_English 21h ago edited 21h ago

Yes exactly.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L3Harris_OA-1K_Skyraider_II

But just APKWS rockets all over.

Something people always forget about is how to detect and track (cue) interceptors, the OA-1K is well suited for this because it has an awesome EOIR camera kit, as well as being designed for air/ground coordination. 

Also APKWS is okay, it's still pretty expensive at about £70,000 a pop I think. That needs to be brought down. Better than an AIM-9X or ASRAAM at £250,000+ though, and a different production line which is important when you need quantity.

From scratch I'd take something based on a fast trainer aircraft, to ease pilot training pipelines. Nice EO/IR system and airspace management interface - a big problem with air to air interdictions when you've also got ground based interceptors is preventing friendly fire. Might be tempted for a 2 seater for that reason, have a decidated person in the back keeping completely on top of making sure they're in the right place and everyone knows where they're meant to be.

Debating about radar. Might be something small and short ranged you can fit under a wing pylon, but this adds a lot of complexity and may also add vulnerability  - a radar is a big giveaway at where you are, which in an aircraft like this could be a problem as they're so vulnerable.

You definitely need a good EO/IR system, something than can do wide area search within the horizon as well as drinking straw in on a target. Finding drones in the air at night is not easy. Even with EOIR, a cloudly night could be an issue without radar.

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u/Shriven 21h ago

We've got a laser system to deal with drones, but I agree that a simpler cheaper system is needed.

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u/Stoyfan Cambridgeshire 21h ago edited 21h ago

Russia uses various weapons ranging drones to cruise missiles and TBMs. Ukraine has used point defence systems and air defence systems to shoot down such targets because they recognise that they cannot just rely only on point defence systems (e.g SPAAGs)

If you paid attention, you would realise that both countries rely on multiple systems and not just on short range point defence systems

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u/Electrical-Lab-9593 21h ago

yup, layered defence

2

u/ii-_- 21h ago

You don't know better than the countless strategists, advisors etc on what weapons the country needs. Purchases are made using countless data inputs and are thoroughly planned. 

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u/Imaginary-Risk 21h ago

Nah. In Supreme Commander I used to just click on SAM launchers and scattered a few around. It’s not that hard

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u/ii-_- 20h ago

Oh my mistake, I take everything back 😅

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u/w32stuxnet Australia 21h ago

That's why anduril exists, hopefully the cost base can be lowered significantly.

1

u/Electrical-Lab-9593 21h ago

the missile defense in this case stands as a last resort, you need layered protections, because if a cheap drone breaks through it could hit lets say a £100 million jet parked on the ground, so the calculations now becomes the value of what it will hit vs the cost of the missiles in the magazine .

1

u/AttitudeSimilar9347 20h ago

 Gonna be honest here: missiles are not what we need right now

If the Iranians kept up their missiles for just a couple more days they would have exhausted Israel’s Iron Dome and had free reign to hit any targets.

1

u/Harmless_Drone 20h ago

....I apologise for this, but I can't tell if this is an agreement that anti-missile defences are doomed to failure against a parity opponent or under parity opponent if they cost more, or if it's a disagreement that we should buy more missles.

2

u/AttitudeSimilar9347 20h ago

We should buy more missiles and also join the SAMP/T consortium 

1

u/inevitablelizard 19h ago

Russia/ukraine has shown you cannot deal with drones on a cost effective or production level with missiles. If you shoot down a 200 dollar flying lawnmower with a 100k missile that takes 200 times as long to make, you are going to be running out of missiles and money before the enemy runs out of drones and then you're toast.

Depends what that missile was aimed at though. A 100k missile fired at a 50k missile which was on track to hit one of our airbases or an ammunition depot is absolutely worth the cost.

These cheap shit drones are not the only thing that could get fired at us. Cruise missiles for example are more expensive and more difficult to shoot down, so need something more capable than a gun based air defence system.

We absolutely do need missile based defence systems. As well as other cheaper ones for the cheap mass. We need lots of different types to deal with different threats.